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LampsLamp sources should be selected for performance, long life, low energy use, good color rendering properties and “instant on” capability for more control options. Lamp source choices include induction and fluorescent. Alternatives are metal halide and high pressure sodium (HPS). White light sources such as induction, fluorescent, and metal halide provide better visibility at low light levels than high pressure sodium lamps. White light has better color rendering properties than HPS. Induction (HFED-Electrodeless Fluorescent) INDUCTION LAMPS are essentially fluorescent lamps without electrodes. They have very high efficiencies and extremely long lives (60,000-100,000 hours). Induction lamps have many of the fluorescent lamp advantages such as superior color rendering, instant on/off switching, and long life. Despite the higher initial cost, these lamps offer significant cost benefits regarding low energy and maintenance costs. A typical re-lamping schedule may call for changing metal halide lamps after only 15,000 hours, while induction lamps can be changed after 60,000 hours. The savings in lamp replacements and labor costs quickly pays for the higher installation cost. In some cases, the payback period may be as short as 5-7 years. Most importantly, the induction lamp is extremely reliable. When compared to higher wattage high pressure sodium lamps, the energy savings of the induction lamp reduces the payback period even more. The ideal application for induction lamps is in areas where metal halide or high pressure sodium lamps may be used. Long life and instant on/off induction lamp characteristics make it very reliable and easy to control with motion sensors. High intensity discharge HID lamps provide a small point source of light. The disadvantages of HID lamps are lumen depreciation and the amount of time required to reach full output. Metal halide lamps are a great source of white light. Efficacies and lamp life are increasing with pulse start technology. High pressure sodium lamps are not recommended in areas where observation and maintenance are required because of the poor color rendition properties. These lamps also have a long start up and re-strike time. Fluorescent Linear fluorescent lamps are for areas with canopies. Linear fluorescents come in a variety of wattages and sizes, yet the most common and energy efficient lamps are the T8 (T5 REPLACEMENT KITS FOR FURTHER SAVINGS NOW AVAILABLE). Advantages of linear fluorescents include energy efficiency, high color rendering, instant on/off switching, dimming capability, long life, and cost effectiveness.
SOLAR LIGHTING RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
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